Basic Element of An Investment Project: Technical Study (II)
Methods to represent the process.
a) Block diagram, each of the activities necessary for the production of goods or services fall into a rectangle and is attached to his previous or later, indicating the flow sequence.
b) Flowchart of process-Although the block diagram is also a flow chart, it differs from the flow that has a very specific and international symbols, where each set has its own meaning.
c) Flowchart analytic technique is more advanced than previous ones, because it presents a more detailed process that includes the activity, time spent, distance traveled, type of action taken and a space for recording observations.
This technique can be used in evaluating projects, provided they have a nearly perfect knowledge of the production process and the available space. In the industry the most commonly occurs in studies of redistribution of plants, it is possible to compare analytical Flowchart through the time and distance with the current distribution and the proposed distribution.
Selection of the production process.
There are 3 types of production processes: the linear process, the intermittent and mixed. To choose it is necessary to analyze the stages of production and product characteristics. In any investment project is important to model the transformation process and facilities, to classify the transaction, labor, inputs, the expansion possibilities of the capacity must be to justify the new units, both equipment personnel and technology, analyzing the capacity of expansion of facilities and justification of the process compared to the size and location.
The location is to analyze the different places where you can place the project in order to determine where the maximum gain is obtained, if a private company, or the minimum unit cost, if it is a project from point of view.
There are certain factors that determine the location, which are called locational forces, and are classified into three categories;
1 .- For transfer fees to account for freight: Includes the sum of transportation costs for inputs and outputs.
2 .- availability and relative costs of factors and inputs.
3 .- Other factors.
It is the location of the company in the country and in rural and urban space in any region.
It is determining the precise point where the company will be built within the region, and it will make the distribution of selected field facilities.
The plant location methods are:
1 .- Qualitative method for points, 2 .- Quantitative method of Vogel.
In these methods is assigned a value to each of the characteristics of the location, evaluate these characteristics in each zone is taken into account when implementing the project, who with the highest score will be the venue where the project will be installed.
Basic 3.10. Enginering. It is to define and specify technically fixed factors (buildings, equipment, etc..) And variables (labor, raw materials, etc.) Composing the system. Basic engineering is necessary to know:
a) Good or service .- To describe the characteristics of the goods or services.
b) Program .- Indicates production rates and efficiency performance of the equipment in physical terms.
c) Calculation .- production can be carried out by two systems: 1) Based on the market, knowledge of the volume of the final product must deliver to the market. 2) Based on the given raw material. In some cases the problem is to process a certain volume of raw material.
d) manpower requirements and supplies.
e) Specification of the characteristics of the equipment used.
f) Distribution in the plant. Defined the production process and equipment required, should be the distribution of equipment in the building.
You need the maximum economy of time, materials and movements, taking into account the following principles:
1. Integration total travel distance 2.Minimum, 3.Utilization cubic space, 4. Security and welfare for workers, 5. Flexibility.
g) Civil works. The size and shape of the buildings is a consequence of plant distribution. In the preparation of plans of buildings for industrial production, administration and ancillary services, and distribution in the field, must take into account the same criteria mentioned on the economics of time, motion and materials.
credit to: Mr. Jose Luis Hernández Cabrera
Source: www.gestiopolis.com/finanzas-contaduria/elementos-de-un-proyecto-de-inversion.htm
image source: www.bgcconsult.co.uk/documents/MPj044217700001.jpg
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